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Electronic components is a general term for components and devices. It is an integral part of electronic components and small machines and instruments, which itself often consists of a number of parts that can be commonly used in similar products. Often refers to certain parts of electrical appliances, radio, instrumentation and other industries, such as capacitors, transistors, hairspring, clockwork and other sub-devices of the general term."
Electronic components consist of two main parts: electronic devices and electronic components.
Electronic device
refers to a finished product that does not change its molecular composition when it is manufactured and processed in a factory. Examples include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Because it itself does not produce electrons, it has no control and transformation of voltage and current, so it is also known as passive devices.
PCB components
Refers to finished products whose molecular structure is changed during factory production and processing. Examples include transistors, electron tubes, and integrated circuits. Because it itself can produce electrons, the voltage, current control, transformation (amplification, switching, rectification, detection, oscillation and modulation, etc.), so also known as active devices. According to the classification criteria, electronic devices can be divided into 12 major categories, which can be summarised as two major blocks of vacuum electronic devices and semiconductor devices.
Types of pcb components
Passive components
Resistors : Used to limit current or divide voltage.
Capacitor : Used to store charge and filter noise or smooth voltage fluctuations.
Inductors : Used to store magnetic energy and are often used in filter circuits and oscillators.
Transformer: Although usually considered an active element, in some definitions, small coupling coils are also considered passive elements and are used to transform AC voltage or current.
Crystal : Used to provide a stable frequency reference, such as a quartz crystal oscillator.
Variable Resistor : Used to manually adjust the value of a resistor.
Variable Capacitor : Used to manually or automatically adjust the capacitance value.
Connectors: Used to connect different circuits or devices.
Switch: Used to open or close a circuit.
Fuses : To protect circuits from overcurrent damage.
Active Components
Transistors : Bipolar Transistors (BJT) Functions : Amplification of current, switching operations, signal shaping, etc. Field Effect Transistor (FET) MOSFET Role: Amplify voltage, high efficiency switching, signal conditioning, etc. JFET Role: Amplify voltage, analogue signal processing, etc.
Integrated Circuits (ICs): digital integrated circuits: logic operations, data processing, storage, etc.. Analogue integrated circuits: signal amplification, filtering, voltage regulation, etc.. Mixed-signal integrated circuits function: the combination of digital and analogue functions, such as analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analogue converter (DAC).
Diode: Rectifier diode role: to convert alternating current into direct current. Light-emitting diode Role: Indicator, lighting, etc. Photodiode function: light detection, photoelectric conversion. Voltage regulator diode function: to provide a stable reference voltage.
Thyristor Rectifier: Bidirectional thyristor function: AC switching control. Unidirectional silicon controlled role: controlled rectification, switching control.
Vacuum tube: tube role: amplify signals, switching operations, etc., in the early electronic equipment is very common.
Optocoupler Role: electrical isolation, signal transmission.
Display: liquid crystal display role: display text, images. Organic light-emitting diode display role: high-contrast display. Light-emitting diode display Role: digital display, status indication.
Power management chip: role: power conversion, voltage regulation, battery charging control.
Special Components
In addition to the above basic components, there are some special components, such as:
Connector: Used to connect external devices.
Switch: manually control the on-off of the circuit.
Relay: to control another circuit by electric signal.
Soldering Methods for Electronic Components
Manual Soldering: Manual soldering is one of the most common soldering methods for connecting electronic components and circuit boards via solder and solder paste. The operator uses a solder wire or stick, heats up the solder, and then applies it to the pins of the electronic components and circuit board pads that need to be connected. Manual soldering requires proficiency and appropriate equipment such as a soldering iron and solder.
Surface Mount Soldering (SMT): Surface mount technology is a modern soldering method for small, high-density electronic components. Surface mount soldering works by attaching components directly to a circuit board printed with solder paste, which is then heated by a hot air oven or reflow oven to melt the paste and connect the components to the board.
Wave soldering: Wave soldering is mainly used in mass production and is suitable for connecting plug-in components via large wave soldering machines. During the wave soldering process, the circuit board passes through flowing waves of solder, which adheres to the pads and makes the connection.